Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in adult abdominal epilepsy associated with ketosis-prone diabetes: A case report.

Abdominal epilepsy (AE) is a rare form of focal epilepsy that may present with recurrent paroxysmal gastrointestinal symptoms and can be difficult to distinguish from metabolic or gastrointestinal disorders. Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) may further complicate diagnosis because diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycemia, and glycemic instability can produce overlapping abdominal and neurobehavioral manifestations.